Winter Pruning and Shaping of Deciduous Trees

Notes from Martha Meehan's Lecture at Valley View on February 1, 2025

Preparation

• Bring the tree indoors 24 hours prior to performing any work.
• Take before and after pictures to document changes.
• Thoroughly examine the tree for dead and diseased branches:
  • Dead wood may enhance the tree’s appearance and can be treated with wood hardener.
  • Remove other dead or diseased branches as necessary.

Pruning Process

1. Determine Key Structural Elements:
   • Style, size, front, and branch placement should guide your pruning decisions.
   • Identify the new apex by selecting a branch that grows upward from the trunk.
   • General rule: the height of the tree should be approximately six times the diameter of the trunk.
2. Pruning Technique:
   • Start with lower branches to establish width.
   • Work upward to maintain shape and style.
   • Prune back to a leaf bud that is facing the desired direction of growth.
   • In the upper portion of the tree, if choosing between a thick or thin branch, remove the thick branch to maintain proportion.
   • Finalize the new apex and adjust as needed.
3. Wiring Considerations:
   • Wiring can be done if the tree is dry and not frozen.
   • Carefully shape the trunk and branches, keeping taper and reverse taper in mind.

Fertilization Guidelines

• Wait until mid-to-late March before applying fertilizers.
• Types of Fertilizers:
  • Organic fertilizers work once the soil warms up and tend to make cells more flexible.
  • Chemical fertilizers work immediately; if using, apply at half strength.

Additional Considerations

• Potting of outdoor material can begin as early as late February to get a head start on spring growth.
• Protect potted trees from cold winter winds.
• Remember to take after pictures once pruning and shaping are completed.

These guidelines provide a structured approach to winter pruning and shaping, ensuring healthy growth and aesthetic refinement of deciduous trees.

Special thanks to John 'Bill' Peterson for taking notes and providing them for use.